1. The picture plane, that is, the two-dimensional surface of the panel or canvas, was conceived as a transparent glass or window through which one might perceive the three- dimensional world. Various techniques aided artists in the task of recreating the illusion of reality.
2. Linear perspective satisfied the Renaissance craving for an exact and accurate description of the physical world. It also imposed a fixed relationship both in time and space.
3. The concept of Avante Garde evolved from the movements for democratic revolution that dominated Europe and America beginning the third quarter of the 18th century.
4. Leonardo defends the superiority of sensory experience over "book learning" and argues that painting surpasses poetry as a form of human expression.
5. Making art is a form of thinking that we access through empathy. The thinking in a work of art is not necessarily verbal, though that may enter too, but visual thinking, which can be equally rigorous.
6. (An extra one I wanted to add) The comic book hero Batman, according to 20th century creator Bob Kane, was born when Kane first viewed Leonardos sketches of Human Flight.
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